carlstedt



R. CARLSTEDT.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL. u-rucAn'on FILED MAR. n. ma.

1,317,956. Patented Oct. 7, 1919.

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R. CARLSTEDT.

METHOD or AND APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL.

AF'PLCATION FILED MAR-1M 1918- 1,317,956. Patented Oct. 7,1919.

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, practical manner by tlri UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RAGNAPJGABLSTEDT, OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, ASSIGNOR 1'0 AKTIEBOLAGE'I' AMA.

REGULATORER, OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, A COMPANY OF SWEDEN.

METHOD OF AN D APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL.

Application filed March 14,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RAGNAR CARLs'rnnT, a subject of the Kin of Swedemresidmg .at Stockholm, in the i ingdom of Sweden, have invented new and useful Improvements in Methods 'of and Apparatus for Automatic Control, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to a means for automatic control of the kind having an element connected with a main regulator or controller for that which is to be regulated, which element is under the influence of a non-compressible liquid, such as water, oil, or the like, permanently flowing in a conduit, the flow of said liquid being checked more or less by the influence of that which i to be regulated by means of the main regulator or controller, in order in this manner to efi'ect variations in the influence of the liquid on said element and thus to eflect adj ustment of the main regulator or controller connected with said element. Heretofore the practical use of such regulating devices has been very much limited, due to the difficulty of obtaining a suilicient sensitivene'ss of the member which is under the influence of that which i to be-regulated, and by means of which member the flow of the liquid is to be checked more or less. In order to make the said member sensitive for but exceedingly small variations or fluctuations in that which is to be regulated, it is o-bviousl necessary that said member be practice ly frictionless. Y I

This condition i fulfilled in a simple and present invention, which is broadly characterized by this, that the said liquid permanently flows out through a discharge nozzle on the conduit, before which nozzle a movable member such as a shield, cup or the like is arran ed, which member is caused to inove towar or away from the orifice of said nozzle by that which is to be regulated, thus checking the outflow of the liquid more or less. The said member, shield, cup or the like may be connected with the device or the like to be ulated, or otherwise actuated by whatever is a to be controlled. r

For regulating for instance the pulp-sheet supplied to a paper machine the cup may be attached to an arm supported by a roll movable in vertical direction and rolling on the pulpasheet. When the apparatus is used Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. '7, 1919.

1918. Serial No. 222,381.

for regulating steam or gas flowing through a pipe or a conduit the cup is attached to a pressure-box or, a piston actuated by the pressure in the conduit. For governing the speeds of machinery the cup may be connected, for instance, with a centrifugal governor, and for regulating an electric current with the armature of a magnet or a solenoid,

and so forth.

In the accompanying drawin s an embodiment of an apparatus .accor ing to the present invention is illustrated as applied for various purposes. Figure 1 shows the invention as applied for automatic regulation of the pulp-sheet supplied to a paper machine. Fig. 2 shows to a larger scale the valve-device combined with a diaphragm by means of which device the variations in the flow of the liquid are transmitted from the one conduit to the other. Fig. 3 illustrates the invention as applied for automatic con trol of the flow in a steam conduit. Fig. 4 show a detail of a device in which the discharge of the liquid is made dependent on a centrifugal governor, and Fig. 5 illustrates a detail of a device in which the discharge of the liquid is regulated electromagnetically.

Referring to Fig. 1, A denotes a portion of the wire part of a paper machine with the pulp-sheet 1 on the wire. 2 denotes the supply pipe for the pulpgathe supply of the pulp to the wire-part ing regulated by means of a valve 3 in the supply pipe. The position of the valve 3 is de endent on the positionof a piston 5 movable in a cylinder 4, the radii of the piston being connected with a rope 8 or the like running over a pulley 7 and passing over a. ulley 9 connected with the valve body oi the valve 3. On its ri ht hand side the piston 5 is actuated by the pressure of a 11 uid in the cylinder 4, which ressure ten 5 to move the piston to the 19 t but which is balancedby suitable means actingl on the rope 8, for instance a counterweig t 10.

Accordin to the invention the pressure of the liquld acting in the cylinder is effected in the followmg manner;

One end of a pipe 11 opens into the ri ht hand end of the cylinder 4, the other en of said pipe bein connected with a valve device. This va ve device consists of a casing 12 in the interior of which opens a ipe 13 through which water or other liquid under pressure may be supplied to the valve device. The end of the pipe 13 located within the valve device is situated opposite, and its opening is 14 which is rigidly connected with a diaphragm 16 secured in the casi 12 and actuated by a spring 15. The pi e 13 communicates wit the pipe 11 1 mg to the cylinder 4, and with a waste pipe 19 through an o ening 17 in a partition 18 1n the casing 1.2 w ich opening 1 is also controlled by the valve 14. The supply pipe 13 is connected with a pipe 20 lea mg past the valve casing and eommunicatin with a chamber 22 partitioned in the v ve casing 12 by the diaphragm 16. The pipe 21 commun cates at one end with the chamber 22 and at its other end it is provided with a discharge nozzle 23.

Above the wire-part A there is provided a 0 balancing device actuated by the pulptermined normal sheet on the wire, the construction of which balancin device will now be described. rectangu ar frame 24 supports a rotatable roll 25 rovided with a grooved, corrugated, or toothed shell, said roll bearing on the pulp-sheet 1. The frame 24 is capable of turning on edges 27 resting in pans 29 secured to a cross beam 28 extending over the machine. An arm 30 is secured to the frame 24, the outer end of which arm supports an inverted on or shield 31 located closely above the ex aust nozzle 23. On the'side of the turn axis ofthe frame 24 opposite the arm 30 an the roll 25 an arm 32 18 secured to the frame said arm supporting a counterweight 33 adj ustablc in t e longitudinal direction of the arm.

The apparatus described operates in the following manner:

Through the supply pipe 13 pressure liquid continuously ows into the valve cas ng 12 and flows away through the waste pipe 19, being simultaneously admitted through the-pipe 11 into the cylinder 4 where 1t causes a pressure which tendsto move the' piston 5 to the left. This pressure is balanced by the counter-weight 10 so that the valve 3 1s held in a certain position and admits such a quantity of pul to the wirepart that the pul forms a seat of redeickness. Ifressure 1qu1d simultaneously flows thro h thepipe 20 from the pipe 13 into the amber 22, and into the pipe-'21, from which it is discharged through the. nozzle 28 striking against the' 25 long as the pulp-sheet on the wire-part rethins its =normal thickness the movable members d 'bedare balanced'and retain their respective positions. If the thickness of the pulp-sheet inc, the roll 25 is raised and, the arm 30 and the on 31 areraised on account of which the-ch ng action exercised b the cup 31 1n'th e flow of liquid through c nozzle 23, and simultanecontrolled by means of a valve' name ousl the PIOSSULU against the diaphra 16 of t e liquid in the chamber 22 and 1n the pipe 21, is decreased. The diaphragm then moves under the action of the spring 15 a little to the right, owing to which the valve 14 is drawn awa from the opening of the pipe 13 in the va ve casing 12 so that the inet opening for the pressure fluid is increased, and at the same time the outlet through the opening 17 is throttled by the valve 14 being moved toward this opening. The Pressure of the liquid acting u on the piston 5 in the cylinder 4 is there ore increased, owing to which the piston moves a little to the left, thereby turning the valve 3 in such manner that the supply of pulp to the wire-part is decreased.

When the thickness of the pul -sheet on the wire-part decreases the cup 51 is lowered toward the nozzle 23 on account of which an increased checking of the dis- A charge of fluid through the nozzle is efiected.

The pressure in the chamber 22 is then increased, the diaphragm 16 moves to the left and the inlet opening for the liquid from the pipe 13 into the valve casing 12 is throttled bythe valve 14 and simultaneously the discharge through the opening becomes facilitated, the ressure on the piston 5 in the cylinder 4 t us decreasing. As a result the weight 10 now turns the valve 3 in such manner that the supply of pulp to the wirepart is increased.

From the above description it is thus clear that the variations in the flow of the liquid in the pipe 21 and in the pressure of the liquid in the pipe caused by the movement of the cup 31 are transmitted by means of the diaphragm 16 and the valve 14, which toget er form a relay device, to the liquid in the conduit 13 11, 19,'and cause variations in the flow of tllifi liquid and thus also in the pressure exerted b this liquid on the piston 5. Instead of oth the'pipe 21 and the pipes 11 and 19 communicating with a common supply pipe 13 for pressure liquid, the

pipe 21 may of course communicate with one supply pipe and the pipes 11 and 19 with another supply ipe.

In the emb iment illustrated in.F'1 g..3 the fluid the sup 1y of which is to beregulated, is supple: to be steam or gas which is supplied t ugh the'gipe 2 and the quantit of which is regula by means of the V vs 8. The control apparatus actuating the valve 3 is quite analogous'to the one described above in connection with Figs. 1 and 2, corresponding llparts having similar reference numerals. n Fig. 8 the cup' orshield 31 serving for checking the dischar e of fluid through the nozzle 23, is attach to a cylinder or pressure box .34 provided with a corrugated shell and communicating by means of a pipe 35 with thesteampipe 2. If the quantity andpressure of the steam in y with the result described above.

As shown in Fig. 4 the movement of the shield 31 toward and away from the nozzle 23 may also be efl'ected by means of a centrifugal vernor 36, and it is thus obvious that the invention may easily be applied for controlling the speed of an engine or a machine. According to Fig. 5 the shield 31 arranged over the discharge nozzle 23 is secured to an iron core or armature 38 of ,a solenoid 37, it being evident that in this manner electric currents and electrical machines may be easily controlled by means of the invention.

I claim:

1. A method of automatic control, consisting in making the flow of a fluid dependent on and re latedby that which is to be controlled, controllin the flow of a second fluid by means of the rstnamed fluid, and lacing an element for eifecting the contro under the influence of the second fluid, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In an apparatus for automatic control, the combination of a conduit for a fluid, a device in said conduit adapted to regulate the flow of the fluid in the same and actuated by that which is to be controlled, an

element communicating with said conduit and actuated by the fluid in the same, a second conduit for a fluid, a device in said second conduit for controlling the fluid in the same and operatively connected to the said element, and an element for efl'ecting the control communicating with said second conduit and actuated by the fluid in the same, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In an apparatus for automatic control, the combination of a conduit for a fluid, a device in said conduit adapted to regulate the flow of the fluid in the same and actuated by that which is to be controlled, a diaphragm in said conduit actuated by the fluid in the same, a second conduit for a fluid a valve in said second conduit for controlling the fluid in the same and operatively connected to the said diaphragm, and an element for eifecting the control communieating with said second conduit and actuated by the fluid in the same, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In an apparatus for-automatic control, the combination of a conduit for a fluid, a device in said conduit adapted to regulate the flow of the fluid in' the same and actuated by that which is to be controlled, a diaphragm in said conduit actuated by the fluid in the same, a second conduit for a fluid, a supply opening in the second conduit, a waste, opening in the second conduit, a valve in the saidseconcl conduit controlling the said openings and operatively connected to the stud diaphragm, and an element for effecting the control coinmunicatin with said second conduit between the sai openings, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In an apparatus for automatic control, the combination of a conduit for a fluid, a discharge nozzle onthe said conduit, a member movable toward and away from said discharge nozzle and actuated by that which is to be controlled, and an element for effecting the control communicating with the said conduit and actuated by the fluid in the same, substantially as and for the purposev set forth.

6. In an apparatus for automatic control, of the ulp-sheet supplied to a paper machine, t 1e combination of a conduit for a fluid, a discharge nozzle on the said conduit, a member movable toward and away from said discharge nozzle, a swinging arm supporting said member. a roll journaled in and supporting said arm and rolling on the pulp-sheet, a supply pipe for the pulp, a valve in said pi e, and an element adapted to operate the said valve and communicating with the said conduit and actuated by the fluid in the same, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a-means for automatic control, the combination of a conduit for a permanently flowin liquid, an element communicating with t e said conduit and adapted to be actuated by the liquid in the same, a main regulator or that which is to'be controlled connected with said element, a dischar nozzle on said conduit for the ermanent y flowing liquid, and a member apted to be actuated by that which is to be controlled to move toward and away from said nozzle and by said movement to check the outflow of the liquid more orless.

8. In a means for automatic control, the combination of a conduit for a permanently flowin liquid, an element communicating with t c said conduit and adapted to be actuated by the liquid in the same, a main regulator for that which is to be controlled connected with said element, a dischar nozzle on said conduit for the permanen y flowing liquid, a member adapted by movement toward and awe from said nozzle to check the outflow of t e liquid more or less, and means adapted to be actuated by that which is to be controlled and actuating said member so as to move it toward and away from said nozzle.

9. In a means for automatic control, the combination of a conduit for a permanently flowing liquid, an element communicating ated by that which is to the same, a main regulator for that which is to be controlled connected with and actuated by said means a discharge nozzle on said first-named con uit for the ermanently flowing liquid, and a member a apted to be actuated by that which is to be controlled to move toward and away from said nozzle and by said movement to check the outflow of the liquid more or less. a

10. In a means for automatic control, the combination of a conduit for a permanently liquid, an element communicati flow" y with fixe said conduit and adapted to be actuated by the liquid in the same, a second conduit for aliquid, a supply opening in said mcond conduit, a waste opening in said second conduit, a valve in said, second eonduit controlling said openings and oper-' atively connected to said element, means communicatin with said second conduit and actuated y the liquid in the same, a main regulator for that which is to be con? trolled connected with and actuated by said means a discharge nozzle on said firstnamed conduit for the permanently flowing liquid, and a member ada ted to be actue controlled to move toward and away from I, id nozzle and b said movement to check c outflow of tlie li uidmore or less. 4

11. n a means for automatic control of the pulp sheet suppliedto a paper machine,

the combination of a conduit for a permanently flowin liquid, an element communicating with t e said conduit and adapted to be actuated by the liquid in the same, a supply pipe for the pulp, a valve in said pipe adapted to be 0 rated b v saidelement, a swinging arm, a to journa ed in and supporting said arm and rolling on the pulpsheet, a discharge nozzle on said condu1t for the permanently flowing liquid, and a member supported b said swin arm so as to be movable totzard and i v vfy from said nozzle and adapted by said movement to check the outflow of the liquid through said nozzle more or less.

12. In a means for automatic control of the pulp-sheet supplied to a purer machine, or a perma:

the combination 0 a conduit nently flowing liquid, an element communlcating with the said conduit and adapted to be actuated by the liquid in the same, a second conduit for a liquid a valve in said second conduit for controlhng the liquid in the same and operatively connected to said element, means communicating with said second conduit and actuated by the liquid in the same, a supply pipe fol-the pulp, a

valve in said pipe adapted to be 0 erated b said means a swing ng arm arol journiled in and su rting said aim and rolling on the pulp-s eet, -a discharge nozzle on said first-named conduit for the nently flowing liquid, and a member s rted b said swingmg'arm soas to ri ibvable toward and away from said nozzle and adapted by said movement to check the,

outflow of the liquid through said nozzle more or less.

. RAGNAR CARLSTEDT. 

